Replaces: Size NG18 to Nominal pressure psi bar. Maximum pressure psi bar. Open circuit normally means the case where the pump suction line leads below a fluid level whose surface is open to atmospheric pressure. Maintenance of a pres - sure balance between the air in the hydaulic tank and the air in the atmosphere guarantees good pump suction characteristics.
There must be no resistance in Technical Information. A Hydraulex Global Company Mounting Dimensions, Size , Series A10VSO with prop. Repair the fault. Switch on the supply voltage and the release.
Check connections at command inputs for pressure and swivel angle — Set values for pressure and swivel angle, f. Mounting flange. SAE 2 hole. SAE 4 hole. Service ports. A10VSO 18 shaft end R In order to obtain optimum efficiency and service life, we recommend that the operating Pressure compensated. Pump will provide full pump flow at pressures below the compensator setting.
Description The Natural History of Rabies, Volume I explores the fundamental aspects of the rabies virus, including its growth, latency, morphology, chemistry, physical characteristics, and relationships with other viruses. It looks at the virus' in vivo pathogenesis and pathology, from entrance to transmission in the central nervous system CNS and subsequent exit.
It also reviews current diagnostic methods including those used for antibody titration and for determination of virus presence. Organized into three sections encompassing 21 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the history of rabies as well as its morphology and morphogenesis. It then discusses the virus' antigenic composition and relationships, hemagglutinin and the optimal conditions for its preparation and demonstration, advantages and disadvantages of the passive hemagglutination test, methods for concentration and purification of the virus, and growth in cell culture.
It explains the virus' pathogenesis to and spread within and from the CNS, electron microscopy of CNS and extraneural rabies infection, lipotropism in rabies virus infection, use of exogenous and endogenous interferon to inhibit rabies virus infection, mouse inoculation and Negri body diagnosis, and fluorescent antibody test in rabies. The book concludes with an assessment of the serum neutralization, indirect fluorescent antibody, and rapid fluorescent focus inhibition tests.
This book is a valuable resource for virologists, pathologists, epidemiologists, and students. Morphology of Rabies Virus II. Introduction II. Antigens of the Rabies Virion IV. Antigens of Disrupted Virions V. The virus's envelope consists of host plasma membrane Phospholipid bi-layers.
The virus contains and codes for five proteins. The protein has a N-terminal signal sequence and is a transmambrane, crossing both phospholipid bi-layers. The 'G' proteins function is to bind to cell receptors on the surface of target cells, such as neurons in the central nervous system. This protein is also the target of antibodies and immunoglobulins from the adaptive immune response.
There are three N-glyosidicaly attached sugar chains to the G protein. The virus enters the hosts cells cytoplasm through the endocytic pathway. When the virus becomes engulfed, the pH will drop, however, the sugar chain becomes stabilized at pH 6.
The function of this protein not fully understood, but it is thought to act as a communicator between the 'G' protein and the nucleocapsid. The Nucleocapsid is a striated structure inside the viral particle and takes on a helical shape.
This structure consists of two proteins, the 'N' Nucleoprotein, and collectively the 'L' Large protein and the 'NS' Nonstructural or sometimes known as 'P' Phosphol protein. The function of this complex is to generate the coding strand of the RNA contained in the virus perticle. How the virus binds to a target via its receptors is not completely understood, but it is suggested through experimentation that the phospholipids, more specifically that phosphatidyl serine is involved in this process.
Transcription occurs after the virus has been engulfed through endocytosis. The nucleocapsid is still contained within the virus capsule and now needs to reach cellular ribosomes in order to be transcribed. Once the pH inside the endosome drops, the membranes of the virus and endosome fuse, and the nucleocapsid is released into the cytoplasm. Multiple copies of the RNA are synthesized from the negative strand.
Transcription takes place with the RNA being processed into five mRNA strand that make up some of the proteins encoded by the viral genome. Before the mRNA can be translated it is first capped, methylated, and polyadenylated. After translation of the mRNA into proteins, 'G' proteins is incorporated into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and is transported to the cells surface via the golgi apparatus. Patches of these 'G' proteins then associate with 'M' proteins. A new nucleocapsid forms inside the cytoplasm from the synthesized proteins 'N','L', and 'P'.
Formation of the nucleocapsid associates with the 'M' protein at the membrane budding off of the membrane with the new virus particle complete. Infection to humans usually occurs through a bite or scratch from an infected animal. Saliva from infected animals, as well as humans, can cause rabies when in contact with mucous tissues or recent skin wounds. Inhalation of aerosols containing virus particles as well as transplant of viral infected tissues have also been documented as possible forms of transmission.
Many animals have the potential to carry the virus, but the most common source is dogs. Bats are a common source in the Americas. Other animals known to carry the disease include foxes, raccoons, skunks, jackals, and mongooses. Human to human infection through bite or scratch is hypothetically possible, but has never been confirmed.
Sign up Log in. Contributors: Ajdin P. The short version is that the very first record of a rabies-related disease affecting humans " is found in the Eshnunna cuneiform law tablets from ancient Mesopotamia, Middle East, dating back to the 18thth centuries BC".
Rabies has spread throughout Europe during the medieval time eventually reaching many corners of the world including Africa, America and Asia in the era of European Colonialism. Things changed when Pasteur demonstrated the " possibility of vaccinating dogs to prevent rabies infection and possible transmission to humans in This practice helped to reduce the prevalence of rabies in animals dramatically.
In the resource section, you will find a list of sources with a wealth of additional information that you can find useful. One of the very first records of a rabies-related disease affecting humans " is found in the Eshnunna cuneiform law tablets from ancient Mesopotamia, Middle East, dating back to the 18thth centuries BC.
Subsequent historic records from Greece, Rome, China and other ancient and contemporary cultures all across Eurasia have mentioned a disease transmitted to humans through contact with mad dogs". In the ancient Greek world, rabies was frequently mentioned by various philosophers and scholars.
While some claim of instances of rabies even in the time of Homer ca. Ancient doctors attempted various methods of treating the disease including the consumption of liver of chicken or some other animal.
Later on, they used a mixed approach that persisted into the medieval time. Historians are divided " about whether or not rabies infections did actually occur in ancient Egypt".
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